Wireless Mesh network is a wireless broadband access network technology that has been rapidly developed in recent years. It does not require a pre-built infrastructure such as a base station, but uses a distributed idea to construct a dynamic self-organized wireless multi-hop network. Users within the coverage can make high-speed wireless access to the Internet anytime, anywhere.
Wireless Ad-hoc networkWireless Mesh networks are developed from wireless Ad-hoc networks. Ad-hoc network is a multi-hop, centerless, self-organizing wireless network, also known as MulTI-hop Network, Infrastructureless Network or Self-organizing Network. ), the entire network has no fixed infrastructure, each node is mobile, and can dynamically maintain contact with other nodes. Mobile Ad-hoc network has attracted people's attention because of its non-independent infrastructure, high dynamics, multi-hop, easy to set up, etc., especially suitable for certain special environments or emergency communications, such as military communications in battlefield propulsion. As well as earthquakes, rescues after floods, etc., it also provides multi-hop expansion for existing wireless and wired networks. In this kind of network, due to the limited wireless coverage of the terminal, two user terminals that cannot communicate directly can forward packets by other nodes. Each node is also a router, which can complete discovery and maintain routing to other nodes. The function. As shown in FIG. 1, if node N4 wants to communicate with N1, although they cannot communicate directly because of a long distance, they can communicate through relaying of relay nodes N3 and N2.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of wireless Ad-hoc network
Wireless mesh networkThe wireless Mesh network inherits the characteristics of wireless Ad-hoc network without center, no infrastructure, multi-hop, self-organization, and has developed a new architecture to meet its main purpose - to provide IP broadband access. A wireless mesh network consists of two nodes: a Mesh router and a Mesh client. The architecture can be divided into three types:
1) Backbone network architecture (Infrastructure/Backbone WMNs)
The backbone network architecture consists of Mesh routers, providing IP broadband access to clients, as shown in Figure 2. The backbone of a wireless mesh network can be constructed using a variety of radio technologies, including related technologies of IEEE 802.11. The Mesh backbone network is a network that can be self-configured and self-healing. It is connected to the Internet through the gateway function of the Mesh router. The common client and the existing wireless network can access the wireless Mesh backbone network through the gateway or relay function of the Mesh router. in.
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the backbone network architecture of the wireless Mesh network
2) Client Architecture (Client WMNs)
The client architecture consists of Mesh clients, which provide point-to-point wireless services between user devices. As shown in Figure 3, the client forms a network that provides routing and configuration functions and supports user terminal applications. Since the nodes that make up the network do not need to have gateway or relay functions, no Mesh router is needed. The separate client Mesh structure can be regarded as a wireless Ad-hoc network composed of clients.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the wireless Mesh network client architecture
3) Hybrid WMNs
The hybrid architecture is a combination of the above two architectures. As shown in Figure 4, the Mesh client can access the network through the Mesh router, and can also form a mesh network with other Mesh clients. The backbone network consisting of Mesh routers provides clients with connections to other network structures, such as the Internet, WLAN, WiMax, cellular, and sensor networks. In this wireless Mesh network structure, the routing capability of the client can be utilized. Wireless Mesh networks enhance connectivity and expand network coverage.
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of wireless Mesh network hybrid architecture
Under the hybrid architecture, the wireless mesh network has the following characteristics:
Supports ad hoc networks and has the ability to self-organize and self-heal
It is a wireless multi-hop network, but also has a backbone network structure composed of Mesh routers.
Mesh routers are less mobile and bear the main responsibility of routing, which greatly reduces the pressure on Mesh clients and other non-Mesh terminals.
Better support for terminal mobility
Mesh routers are compatible with a variety of different networks, regardless of wireless or wired networks, so they can provide access to multiple networks.
Different energy consumption limits for Mesh routers and Mesh clients
A wireless mesh network is not an isolated network that needs to work with other wireless networks.
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