In the past 2012, with the gradual release of LED chip capacity, domestic LED chip prices have plummeted. According to data from the High-Tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII), the average price of domestic white LED low-power chips fell by 31% in 2012, the average price of high-power chips fell by 33%, and the average price of medium-power chips dropped the most, reaching 40%.
Affected by this, the performance of related chip-listed companies in 2012 was unsatisfactory, and the profit decliners were in the public. For example, the expected net profit of Ganzhao Optoelectronics decreased by 35%-45% compared with the same period of the previous year; Dehao Runda expected net profit to decrease by 45%-65% compared with the same period of last year; Huacan Optoelectronics expected net profit to decrease by about 27%-32%. ; Silan's net profit fell more than 80% year-on-year.
In addition to the troubles caused by the decline in profits, the inventory pressure caused by excess capacity has also made the chip companies nervous. How to find new profit growth points while digesting increasingly high inventory? Into the downstream lighting application field, the top policy.
Following Dehao Runda's 1.343 billion yuan purchase of 20.05% equity of NVC Lighting, after officially entering NVC, the domestic chip leading company Sanan Optoelectronics has also acted in the field of LED lighting, spending 50 million yuan in economic technology of Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The development zone established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Anhui Sanan Technology Co., Ltd., which is mainly engaged in the research and development and sales of LED lighting products.
Net profit performance is embarrassing
　 Just after the Spring Festival of the Year of the Snake, it was time for the relevant LED listed companies to submit “transcripts†to relevant shareholders. It is said that the moon bends and shines in Kyushu, and several families are happy. Judging from the 2012 annual results forecast, the net profit fell sharply, and the entire LED industry was “difficult to be a brotherâ€. Especially in the field of upstream chips, almost no companies have seen a net profit growth.
In the performance announcements released by various companies, almost all of them will "intensify market competition, and the unit price of chip sales will dive" as an important reason for the decline in the company's net profit. For example, Huacan Optoelectronics estimates that the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies in 2012 was about 84 million yuan to 90 million yuan, down about 27.8-32.6% over the same period of 2011.
As for the reason for the decline in net profit, Huacan Optoelectronics explained that although the sales of chips exceeded last year in 2012, due to the continuous impact of market competition, the unit price of LED chips decreased more than expected, resulting in lower net profit than the same period last year.
Of course, due to the same industrial environment, the interpretation of Silan Micro and Ganzhao Optoelectronics is almost the same as Huacan Optoelectronics.
"Affected by price, whether it is Taiwan or the mainland, Blu-ray chips are basically not profitable, and red-light chips are only marginal." Zheng Tiemin, general manager of Inspur Huaguang, said that the current wave of Huaguang support business lies in lasers, and chips are no longer profitable. Figure.
According to data from the High-Tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII), the actual domestic LED production in 2012 exceeded four times in 2010, and the output value only increased from 4 billion yuan in 2010 to 7.2 billion yuan, an increase of less than 2 times. The main reason is that in the past two years, the price of LED chips has dropped by more than 60%, which directly led to the growth of chip companies' sales and net profit.
Inventory pressure is difficult to remove
　 In 2010, LED chips were in short supply, and related chip manufacturers earned a lot of money. Tan Jian, general manager of Laiwei Optoelectronics, once said, "In 2010, the chip was not sold at all, and the profits were very impressive." Chip investment is hot, and according to statistics, the domestic chip investment in 2010 was 1,240 yuan, accounting for 56.9% of the investment in the same period.
As of 2012, the number of domestic MOCVD has increased to 917, the number is close to three times that of 2010, and the total capacity is more than 10 times that of 2010. Although up to now, the domestic MOCVD capacity utilization rate is only 30%, and the operating rate is only about 50%, but the growth of production capacity far exceeds the market demand, resulting in a sharp increase in the inventory of related chip companies.
2011 is an important stage for the surge of domestic LED chip companies' stocks. Sanan Optoelectronics has soared from 310 million yuan at the beginning of the year to 918 million yuan, and Ganzhao Optoelectronics has grown from 0.4 billion yuan to 127 million yuan. Huacan Optoelectronics has grown from 63 million yuan to 1.22 billion yuan. As MOCVD is in place and put into production, the above-mentioned chip enterprise inventory pressure is not optimistic in 2012. According to Sanan Optoelectronics Financial Report, as of September 30, 2012, Sanan Optoelectronics' inventory is still at a high of 900 million yuan.
The price of chips has continued to fall, which has led to the depreciation of stocks and the normal value of the stocks. The inventory backlog will occupy a large amount of money from enterprises, and it will become a hot potato for enterprises to get rid of. At the same time, chip technology is changing with each passing day, which also brings risks to the technology depreciation.
In order to alleviate the pressure on stocks, many companies will choose to cut prices and stock up to clean up increasingly high inventory. This low-cost approach can help companies digest excess capacity and thus reduce their own inventory pressure. However, the cruel thing is that the gross profit margin of domestic LED chip manufacturers is low, and the use of price cuts to promote sales is tantamount to worse.
Is there a proper way to reduce inventory pressure and increase corporate profits? Extending to downstream applications has become the first choice.
What is Car Ethernet
Car Ethernet is a new local area network technology that uses Ethernet to connect the electronic unit in the car. Unlike traditional Ethernet, which uses 4 unshielded twisted pair cables, car Ethernet can achieve a transmission rate of 100Mbit/s or even 1Gbit/s on a single pair of unshielded twisted pair cables. At the same time, it also meets the requirements of the automotive industry for high reliability, low electromagnetic radiation, low power consumption, bandwidth allocation, low latency and synchronous real-time. The physical layer of on-board Ethernet uses BroadRReach technology, and BroadR-Reach's physical layer (PHY) technology has been standardized by the One-pair Ethernet Alliance (OPEN). Therefore, it is sometimes called Broad RReach (BRR) or OABR (Open Alliance BroadR-Reach). The MAC layer of vehicle Ethernet adopts the IEEE 802.3 interface standard and seamlessly supports widely used high-level network protocols (such as TCP/IP) without any adaptation.
On-board Ethernet protocol architecture
Vehicle-borne Ethernet and its supported upper-layer protocol architecture are shown in Figure 1. Vehicle-borne Ethernet mainly involves OSI layer 1 and Layer 2 technologies, while vehicle-borne Ethernet also supports AVB, TCP/IP, DOIP, SOME/IP and other protocols or application forms.
On-board Ethernet framework
Among them, AVB is an extension of traditional Ethernet functions, which enhances the real-time performance of traditional Ethernet audio and video transmission by adding precise clock synchronization, bandwidth reservation and other protocols, and is a network audio and video real-time transmission technology with great development potential. SOME/IP (Scalable Service-Oriented MiddlewarE on IP) specifies the video communication interface requirements for vehicle camera applications, which can be applied to the field of vehicle cameras, and realizes the mode control of driver assistance cameras through apis.
As an extension of AVB protocol, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) introduces related technologies of time-triggered Ethernet, which can efficiently realize the transmission of automotive control information. In addition, the on-board Ethernet of the 1Gbit communication standard also supports Power Over Ethernet (POE) function and Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) function. The POE function provides power for connected terminal devices while transmitting data through twisted pair cables, eliminating the need to connect external power cables to terminals and reducing the complexity of power supply.
On-board Ethernet standardization
In terms of in-vehicle Ethernet standardization, the IEEE802.3 and IEEE802.1 working groups, AUTOSAR, the OPEN Alliance and the AVnu Alliance have played a major role in promoting it.
The IEEE802.3 local area network standard represents the mainstream Ethernet standard in the industry, and the on-board Ethernet technology is developed on the basis of IEEE802.3, so the IEEE is currently the most important international standardization body for on-board Ethernet. In order to meet the requirements of the car, it involves the development of a number of new specifications and the revision of the original specifications within the two working groups of IEEE802 and 802.1, including PHY specifications, AVB specifications, and single-wire to data line power supply. In addition, AVB related to AV transmission, timing synchronization and other specifications also need to be standardized by other technical committees of IEEE, such as IEEE1722 and IEEE1588.
OPEN Alliance
The OPEN Industry Alliance was launched in November 2011 by Broadcom, NXP, and BMW to promote the application of Ethernet-based technology standards to in-car connectivity. The main standardization goal is to develop a 100Mbit/s BroadR-R physical layer standard and develop OPEN interoperability requirements.
AUTOSAR
AUTOSAR is a consortium of automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and tool developers that aims to develop an open, standardized automotive software architecture, and the AUTOSAR specification already includes the automotive TCP/UDP/IP protocol stack.
AVnu
The AVnu Alliance was formed by Broadcom in collaboration with Cisco, Harman and Intel to promote the IEEE 802.1 AVB standard and the Time Synchronization Network (TSN) standard, establish a certification system, and address important technical and performance issues such as precise timing, real-time synchronization, bandwidth reservation, and traffic shaping.
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