Gimbal (early gyroscope). The gimbal, or gyroscope, is the basis of the modern gyroscope. Also known as the Cardan ring in Europe, it was named after the Italian mathematician Girolamo Cardano or Jerome Cardan (1501-1576). But Cardin neither invents nor claims to have invented such a device, stating that the gimbal device is only described in his masterpiece De Subtilitate (1550 AD), which dates back to 9 AD century in Europe.
In fact, it was invented in China as early as the 2nd century BC. In 140 BC, the Chinese Fang Feng invented the gimbal, and in 189 AD, the Chinese Ding Huan improved the gimbal, which was later spread to Europe. By the 9th century AD, the famous scientist Robert Hooke and others applied the principle of the device to create a universal joint, also known as a universal joint, a universal bracket, and a gimbal bracket. It was this invention that made the automatic energy transfer of the car possible. The Chinese invented the balance ring about 700 years ahead of the West.
Basic principle of gimbal gyroscopeThe gimbal device is the basis of modern gyroscopes. The ancient gyroscope, as shown in the figure on the right, when the gyroscope in the rotating motion is obviously inclined, its gravitational component (p) will make its central axis more inclined, but the rotating effect will make its central axis in the vertical direction (v). )deflection. Therefore, once the top rotates, it will not fall down, but will move along a conical surface, which is called precession. Its sporty properties are of great interest to children, so it has been passed down from generation to generation as a toy in China.
The modern gimbal has become an indispensable instrument for aviation and navigation, that is, a gyrometer, or a gyroscope. Gyroscopes make navigation possible and are essential for "autopilot" in modern aircraft. Modern planes, missiles and ships can identify their direction no matter how fast they are moving in the air or at sea, thanks to the installation of gyroscopes. Anyone lucky enough to enter a 19th-century AD Gypsy caravan will notice the brass gimbal hung on the wall with a lamp inside, which keeps the gimbal upright no matter how bumpy the caravan is on the road. These interlocking brass rings can be turned at will, but the lamp hanging in them never flips over. This is the basic principle of the gimbal. Each ring within a set of rings is connected to the other ring at two opposite points so that they can rotate freely. This way, if a heavy object such as a lamp is placed upright in the center of the ring, it will remain upright. Regardless of the movement of the rings around the lamp, the ring that hangs the lamp keeps the lamp from moving. In the 18th century AD, Chinese navigators used this gimbal to assemble a compass. A compass mounted on a ship in this way is immune to the effects of turbulent waves.
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