The heating magnetic stirrer introduced in this example has the functions of stepless speed regulation stirring, automatic constant temperature control, stepless temperature and time alarm, and can be applied to laboratories in chemical industry and steel industry.
Circuit Operation Principle The heating magnetic stirrer circuit consists of a power supply circuit, a stirring motor control circuit, a heating temperature control circuit, a stirring motor speed control circuit, a timing alarm circuit and a timing control circuit, as shown in Figure 8-139.
The power circuit is composed of a power switch S1, a power transformer T, a rectifier bridge stack UR1, a resistor R1, a power indicator HL1, and a filter capacitor C2.
The heating and temperature control circuit consists of heating control switch S3 (S3-1, S3-2), electric contact thermometer Q2, resistor R4-R7, capacitors C1 and C3, transistor V2-V5, electric heater EH, constant temperature indicator HL3, Heating indicator HM, diode VD2, relay K3, potentiometers RP2 and RP3, thyristor VT and rectifier bridge stack UR2 and UR3.
The timing alarm circuit is composed of a transistor V1, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a relay K2, a diode VD1, and a control contact K1-2 of the buzzer HA and K1.
The stirring motor speed regulating circuit is composed of a stirring control switch S2, a potentiometer RPl, a resistor R2, a diode VD3, a stirring indicator HL2 and a motor M.
The timing control circuit is composed of a timer Q1 and a relay K1.
After the power switch S1 is turned on, the AC 220V voltage is stepped down by T, and three sets of AC voltages are generated on the W2-W5 winding. The AC voltage on the W3 winding is rectified by URl and filtered by C2 to provide +12V working power for the timing control circuit, delay alarm circuit and temperature control circuit.
After the timer Q1 is turned on, the relay K1 is energized and pulled, the common feather contacts of Kl-1 and Kl-2 are disconnected, the normally open contacts are turned on, and the C4 is charged.
After S2 is turned on, the AC voltage generated on the W2 winding of T is rectified by VD3 and stepped down by RP1, and then supplied to the stirring motor M, and M drives the stirring blade to enter the stirring state.
After S3 is turned on, V3 is turned on, M is energized and pulled, and its normally open contact is turned on. The AC voltage generated by the W4 and W5 windings of T is limited by Cl and RP2, and after UR2 is rectified, the normally open contact of K3 is passed. And S3-1, RP3 provide trigger voltage for VT, make VT turn on, AC 220V voltage provides working voltage for electric heater EH via UR3 and VT.
Adjusting the resistance of RPl can change the level of M working voltage, thereby changing the speed of stirring speed and achieving the goal of stepless speed regulation. Adjusting the resistance of RP2 and RP3 can change the conduction angle of VT, thereby changing the level of EH working voltage and achieving the purpose of stepless temperature regulation.
When the heating temperature is lower than the control temperature value set by the electric contact thermometer Q2, the electric contact of Q2 is in the off state, and V2 is off. When the heating temperature reaches the control temperature set by the spleen, the electric contact of Q2 is turned on, so that V2 is turned on, V3 is turned off, K3 is released, VT is turned off, and EH is turned off to stop heating. At the same time, V4 is turned on, V5 is turned off, HL3 is turned on, and HL4 is turned off, thereby achieving the purpose of automatic temperature control.
When the timing of the timer Ql ends, the control contact of Q1 is disconnected, then Kl is released, the normally open contacts of Kl-1 and Kl-2 are disconnected, the normally closed contacts are turned on, and M is powered off to stop stirring; At the same time, C4 discharges V1 through R3, so that Vl saturates and conducts, K2 energizes and pulls in, K2's normally open contact is turned on, buzzer HA gives an alarm sound, reminding the staff that the heating and stirring time has ended. When C4 is discharged to a certain value, Vl is cut off, the burning is released, and the HA stops sounding.
Component selection
Both Rl and R2 use 1/2W metal film resistors; R3-R7 selects 1/2W metal film resistors.
RPl selects 5-lOW multi-turn wirewound resistor; RP2 and RP3 select synthetic carbon film potentiometer.
Cl uses CBB capacitors; C2-C4 selects aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a withstand voltage of 16V.
Both VDl and VD2 use 1N4007 silicon rectifier diodes; VD3 uses 8A, 100V silicon rectifier diodes.
URl selects the rectifier bridge stack of lA, 5OV; UR2 and UR3 select 6A, lOOV rectifier bridge stack.
Vl-V5 selects S8050 or 34DG8050 silicon NPN transistor.
VT uses 6A, 600V thyristors.
Kl-K3 selects JRX-l3F type l2V DC relay.
HLl-HM uses l2V, O.25A indicator bulbs.
Ql selects 0-6Omin mechanical timer; Q2 selects 0-2OO °C electric contact thermometer.
T selects 5OW power transformer.
M selects 24V small variable speed flow motor.
Both S1 and S2 use SA and 220V power switches; S3 uses small single-pole and two-position switches.
EH uses an electric heater below 5OOW.
HA uses a piezoelectric buzzer or an electromagnetic buzzer.
Circuit Operation Principle The heating magnetic stirrer circuit consists of a power supply circuit, a stirring motor control circuit, a heating temperature control circuit, a stirring motor speed control circuit, a timing alarm circuit and a timing control circuit, as shown in Figure 8-139.
The power circuit is composed of a power switch S1, a power transformer T, a rectifier bridge stack UR1, a resistor R1, a power indicator HL1, and a filter capacitor C2.
The heating and temperature control circuit consists of heating control switch S3 (S3-1, S3-2), electric contact thermometer Q2, resistor R4-R7, capacitors C1 and C3, transistor V2-V5, electric heater EH, constant temperature indicator HL3, Heating indicator HM, diode VD2, relay K3, potentiometers RP2 and RP3, thyristor VT and rectifier bridge stack UR2 and UR3.
The timing alarm circuit is composed of a transistor V1, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a relay K2, a diode VD1, and a control contact K1-2 of the buzzer HA and K1.
The stirring motor speed regulating circuit is composed of a stirring control switch S2, a potentiometer RPl, a resistor R2, a diode VD3, a stirring indicator HL2 and a motor M.
The timing control circuit is composed of a timer Q1 and a relay K1.
After the power switch S1 is turned on, the AC 220V voltage is stepped down by T, and three sets of AC voltages are generated on the W2-W5 winding. The AC voltage on the W3 winding is rectified by URl and filtered by C2 to provide +12V working power for the timing control circuit, delay alarm circuit and temperature control circuit.
After the timer Q1 is turned on, the relay K1 is energized and pulled, the common feather contacts of Kl-1 and Kl-2 are disconnected, the normally open contacts are turned on, and the C4 is charged.
After S2 is turned on, the AC voltage generated on the W2 winding of T is rectified by VD3 and stepped down by RP1, and then supplied to the stirring motor M, and M drives the stirring blade to enter the stirring state.
After S3 is turned on, V3 is turned on, M is energized and pulled, and its normally open contact is turned on. The AC voltage generated by the W4 and W5 windings of T is limited by Cl and RP2, and after UR2 is rectified, the normally open contact of K3 is passed. And S3-1, RP3 provide trigger voltage for VT, make VT turn on, AC 220V voltage provides working voltage for electric heater EH via UR3 and VT.
Adjusting the resistance of RPl can change the level of M working voltage, thereby changing the speed of stirring speed and achieving the goal of stepless speed regulation. Adjusting the resistance of RP2 and RP3 can change the conduction angle of VT, thereby changing the level of EH working voltage and achieving the purpose of stepless temperature regulation.
When the heating temperature is lower than the control temperature value set by the electric contact thermometer Q2, the electric contact of Q2 is in the off state, and V2 is off. When the heating temperature reaches the control temperature set by the spleen, the electric contact of Q2 is turned on, so that V2 is turned on, V3 is turned off, K3 is released, VT is turned off, and EH is turned off to stop heating. At the same time, V4 is turned on, V5 is turned off, HL3 is turned on, and HL4 is turned off, thereby achieving the purpose of automatic temperature control.
When the timing of the timer Ql ends, the control contact of Q1 is disconnected, then Kl is released, the normally open contacts of Kl-1 and Kl-2 are disconnected, the normally closed contacts are turned on, and M is powered off to stop stirring; At the same time, C4 discharges V1 through R3, so that Vl saturates and conducts, K2 energizes and pulls in, K2's normally open contact is turned on, buzzer HA gives an alarm sound, reminding the staff that the heating and stirring time has ended. When C4 is discharged to a certain value, Vl is cut off, the burning is released, and the HA stops sounding.
Component selection
Both Rl and R2 use 1/2W metal film resistors; R3-R7 selects 1/2W metal film resistors.
RPl selects 5-lOW multi-turn wirewound resistor; RP2 and RP3 select synthetic carbon film potentiometer.
Cl uses CBB capacitors; C2-C4 selects aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a withstand voltage of 16V.
Both VDl and VD2 use 1N4007 silicon rectifier diodes; VD3 uses 8A, 100V silicon rectifier diodes.
URl selects the rectifier bridge stack of lA, 5OV; UR2 and UR3 select 6A, lOOV rectifier bridge stack.
Vl-V5 selects S8050 or 34DG8050 silicon NPN transistor.
VT uses 6A, 600V thyristors.
Kl-K3 selects JRX-l3F type l2V DC relay.
HLl-HM uses l2V, O.25A indicator bulbs.
Ql selects 0-6Omin mechanical timer; Q2 selects 0-2OO °C electric contact thermometer.
T selects 5OW power transformer.
M selects 24V small variable speed flow motor.
Both S1 and S2 use SA and 220V power switches; S3 uses small single-pole and two-position switches.
EH uses an electric heater below 5OOW.
HA uses a piezoelectric buzzer or an electromagnetic buzzer.
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