The data center network is made up of thousands of devices connected together. It is impossible to have a problem with so many devices, so the data center has its own network operation and maintenance team. However, when there are network failures in many cases, many devices can no longer log in through the network, which can not locate problems and restore services in a short time, especially in unattended data centers. The operation and maintenance personnel have no time to go to the site, so the network interruption time may be Reach the hour. Now, the network interruption time has become a mandatory indicator for the assessment data center. Many data centers require no failure throughout the year. In addition to building a complete redundant network, it is also necessary to solve the problem that the device cannot log in in time when the fault occurs.
In fact, any network device is designed with management port, serial port and debugging port. These ports are independent of the forwarding layer. Even if the device network forwards the problem, these ports can still be used normally, so that it can be checked and analyzed in the event of network failure. The running status of the device and the problem of quick positioning. Unless the CPU of the device fails, or the software runs completely, this affects the management port. At this time, the device can only be isolated or restarted to quickly restore the service. These ports can only be connected to the equipment room to log in. It is also very inconvenient. For large data centers, the computer room is scattered all over the country. The network engineers do not have many computer rooms. If there is a problem, there is no guarantee that people are on site, so many people tend to To build a set of OOB networks.
OOB (Out Of Band) is an independent network that is not associated with any data forwarding network. The network control center can connect to the management port or serial port of each server or any network device. When the network goes wrong, the OOB network is not affected, so that the device can be accessed through OOB. With OOB, it is undoubtedly a life-saving straw for the data center network, which can play a big role at a critical time. The role of OOB is not limited to this. Separating device management and data forwarding is a major trend in network development in the future. OOB is also one of the technologies in this area; OOB only runs management traffic, and SNMP, monitoring and other network functions can be placed. To OOB, avoid the impact of forwarding data; OOB network architecture is simple, traffic is not large, does not involve complex network protocols, as long as the two or three layers can communicate, so almost no problem, reliability is very high, OOB is not like data network It is often necessary to adjust the network for business. As long as OOB can ensure interoperability, OOB can use some inexpensive low-performance network equipment to achieve interconnection. It is necessary to build and maintain OOB network. The cost of data center is not high, and many data centers are beginning to be built. OOB. OOB centrally manages all network devices, making it easy to study the operation behavior of devices across the network, identify deficiencies, and improve the efficiency of network operation and maintenance.
However, everything has two sides, and there are drawbacks to building OOB. First of all, OOB is also connected through the Internet. If the carrier network is faulty, such as transmission equipment interruption, OOB and data network are interrupted, OOB will not help. OOB's control scope is in the data center internal network, and the outside is not subject to it. Control; Secondly, the management port, serial port and debugging port of the network device are different. The OOB is generally connected to the management port. It is impossible to connect the three ports to the OOB, so that the serial port is needed (completely independent and data). Forwarding and management ports, almost unaffected by the network, unless the serial port itself is broken or the device CPU is faulty) and the debug port (although it is rarely used, mainly used during device development, but occasional positioning problems are also very effective), It is still necessary for personnel to go to the machine room. Thirdly, once the OOB network has a problem, it can only be processed on-site, and it is no longer possible to access the devices in the OOB network through the network. Therefore, the operation and maintenance cost of the OOB network is not low, so try to ensure OOB. No problem, the simpler the network, the better. Fourth, the OOB network is the management data of the equipment, which is of high importance, especially Login password and prepared the way, was once stolen, it is equivalent to the entire network open to people, very unsafe. Most of the devices in the OOB network have poor anti-attack capability. If additional security devices are deployed, the input cost of OOB will become higher. At this time, trade-offs should be made in terms of security and reliability. In short, OOB can't solve all network problems. It is wrong to have OOB, network operation can be safe, OOB will bring new problems, but from the perspective of reliability, OOB will indeed enhance network security. Especially in the case of network failure, OOB can play a big role, it is the lifeline of the network.
Building OOB in the data center network has become an inevitable trend, especially for high-standard data centers. There must be such an OOB network. OOB's network equipment can choose to have lower forwarding performance, and a fool-like device with a single network protocol can reduce construction costs as much as possible. The same OOB also requires 7*24 hours of high availability, which can access OOB anytime and anywhere. Imagine if you can't access the data center's network equipment through OOB suddenly, just like people suddenly blind, although it is not dangerous, but also a piece of Very horrible things, so be sure to ensure the reliability of the OOB network. Simply building OOB's network is such a goal, reducing the risk of failure.
The data center has this life-saving straw OOB, and don't take it lightly. OOB can't solve any network problems. When some devices CPU hangs and both forwarding channels cannot be forwarded, OOB will not help. If OOB can also connect to the serial port, it will give the first-line opportunity to handle the fault, collect necessary information through the serial port, and execute the necessary information on the device. Restart to restore the service. If the serial port does not respond, I am afraid that the device can be powered off on site and the device can be offline. Therefore, OOB is only providing a shortcut channel when the network is interrupted, giving the data center network a life-saving straw. As for the key time, it will take a turn for life. This is like an emergency passage on the road. There is a traffic accident on the road. The traffic police can quickly reach the scene of the accident through the emergency passage, and the emergency vehicle can also pass through the emergency passage. However, what we see more often is that once a traffic accident occurs, the emergency lane will be filled by ordinary vehicles, resulting in longer accident handling time. The OOB network of the data center must be completely independent of the data forwarding network. The two are completely independent and do not affect each other, so as to avoid the situation that the emergency channel on the road is blocked.
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