1.Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0
Comments: All conceptual integration of industrial development, information technology and the Internet. The Germans who have not been good at marketing have grabbed the first prize this time and have also caused extraordinary excitement in China. Germany seems to have decided to abandon the “Made in Germanyâ€, an old-fashioned quality label and determined to move on to another reality. Below this popular concept, it is still a synthesis of a large number of advanced management ideas and practices such as design, production, manufacturing, and operation and maintenance for nearly a decade. It uses the golden finger of “Internet +â€, “Big Data†and “Cloud Computingâ€, and the chemical reaction enzymes borrowed from it all have magical effects.
2.CPS Cyber-Physical System virtual information physical fusion system; virtual network-physical physical system
Comments: CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems) is a multi-dimensional complex system of integrated computing, network and physical environment. Real-time implementation of large-scale engineering systems through organic integration and deep collaboration of 3C (Computer, CommunicaTIon, Control) technology. Perception, dynamic control and information services. CPS realizes the integrated design of computing, communication and physical systems, which makes the system more reliable, efficient and real-time synergistic, and has important and broad application prospects.
3.CPSS Cyber-Physical Social System virtual physical network and social system
Comments: This is the idea that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has long been in automation. As early as 2009, Wang Yuefei, president of the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, even asserted that in the near future, a country’s military defense capability will no longer depend on its external physical army. How it is equipped with equipment, but is determined by the size and level of the inner calculation of the army and equipment. It seems that there is not much emphasis on this in China; in IBM's advanced manufacturing software system, there is enough interest in social (ie social attributes).
4.MES/MOMManufacturing ExecuTIon System/Manufacturing OperaTIon Management Workshop Production Planning and Management + Field Manufacturing Acquisition and Control
Comments: MOM is a manufacturing operation management system, which emphasizes the data value and real-time management of the factory. Siemens is actively pursuing the development of its commercial software chain, from its powerful PLM, CNC, MES, MES / MOM, has its top products. Going one step further, it is not necessarily impossible to cross the ERP.
5.SPC StaTIstical Process Control statistical process control system
Comment: A process control tool that relies on mathematical statistics. He analyzed and evaluated the production process, analyzed the feedback information and systemic factors, and finally achieved the purpose of controlling quality. This is an important branch of industrial big data and is of great value in the optimal operation and maintenance of equipment.
6. APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling Advanced Planning and Scheduling is a typical real-time resource management system featuring synchronization, optimization and real-time
Comment: When production planning needs change, APS will check capacity constraints, raw material constraints, demand constraints, transportation constraints, and capital constraints, which will ensure that the supply chain plan is effective at all times. It is mainly to respond to the versatile and flexible demand plan, how to use the optimal plan to arrange production goals. It is almost close to the requirements of Industry 4.0 for individual production.
7.CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System
Comments: China's industrial informationization is the first wave of government money-sharing campaign. Informatization was tested and the water was really hot, but the digital expression and model-based construction capabilities in the industrial system have since been delayed. We may not be able to say with certainty that this is a failed precocious child; but its great leap-forward development of informationization, the industrial-based nurses, and the inefficiency of input-output ratio have delayed the Chinese manufacturing industry. development of. It leads to a strange result: in today's two-in-one fusion of intelligent manufacturing, industrialization now has to be integrated into information, and informationization was originally introduced to solve the efficiency of industrialization. In the 1990s, CIMS was the shining star of the manufacturing plan of the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the fifteenth. The demonstration project blossomed everywhere and was highly anticipated. When the 13th Five-Year Plan is about to start, we will see the same flashing fireworks, another photo. Bright and empty.
8.GT Group Technology Group Technology
Comments: As early as the 1950s, the Russians proposed and was promoted by Germany a theory of industrial engineering optimized for small-scale production and production. Under the leadership of the mechanical department of China's machinery manufacturing with clear management, China's GT technology has been catching up since the 1980s. Group technology is undoubtedly the most basic technology for flexible manufacturing, CIMS and even system engineering. China's current research and time in this area have been marginalized. The group technology has had a glory but more than 20 years of decline. I am afraid that the current Chinese intelligent manufacturing industry has to go back and replenish it.
9.MBD Model-Based Definition Model-based product definition
Comment: MBD makes the manufacturing information and design information common to the three-dimensional digital model of the product, not only the three-dimensional dimensioning, but more importantly, the specification defines various manufacturing information and product structure relationships (parts table). The United States is the leader. China cannot choose the wrong breakthrough in this respect. Germany is not a pioneer in this regard.
10.MBES Model-Based System Engineering Model-based systems engineering is a model-based expression and driver-based approach to the development of systems engineering.
Comments: Can be seen as model-driven principles, methods, tools, language, to achieve the application of complex systems in the intersection of disciplines and scale. The Americans are very fierce and used for practice; the Germans are catching up.
11.MBE Model-Based Enterprise Digital Enterprise
Comments: MBE companies are easier to explain than Industry 4.0 companies. With MBE, Internet+ has become very easy.
12.PDM product data management, product data management, the core assets of the enterprise
Comments: Everyone is familiar, but almost ignored by the most innocent. At present, PDM is like a commune granary under the planned economy. The product data is piled up here in a chaotic manner. Its true beauty has never been valued by the Chinese manufacturing industry. If the digital features of PDM and BOM are not awakened, everyone is still noisy. What industry 4.0?
13.PLM Product Lifecycle Management Product Lifecycle Management
Comments: The generalized PLM system (including CAX) supports product development, the ERP system is responsible for “people and property, production and supplyâ€, the SCM system coordinates the supply chain, and the CRM system cares for enterprise customers and users. This is called the four major pieces of information.
14. The data of the SysLM System Lifecycle Management product is no longer just mechanical, electronic, but also software; even the user's future needs and real-time feedback
Comments: The new formulation of German scholars, in order to strengthen the fundamental changes in data management; the truth is clear, but the current response is not big enough, you may learn to pronounce this tone, you can't blurt out.
15. EAI Enterprise Application Integrated enterprise application software integration, data exchange for various heterogeneous systems
Comments: One of the Utopia in the field of information technology. Lean Production Promotion Center.
16.GCE Global Collaboration Environment The global collaborative environment proposed by Boeing
Comments: The development of a new model of digital network collaboration framework, this is Boeing's framework for global collaborative R&D and manufacturing as proposed in 2004. Ten years later, Boeing used this method to manage tens of thousands of suppliers. In the system of re-industrial 4.0's horizontal value network, there is no better understanding of the value of suppliers than Boeing.
17.Horizontal Value Network
Vertical Value Network
End to End Integration end-to-end integration
Comments: One of the important connotations of Industry 4.0 is mainly to raise questions and challenges on the boundaries of the factory. The three integrations (horizontal integration, end-to-end integration and vertical integration) mentioned in the German Industry 4.0 program are intended to achieve breakthroughs in plant boundaries and even break through the challenges of the production floor. Longitudinal integration is mainly based on the combination of management domain and production site, which can greatly improve the efficiency and flexibility of production, and is more based on the integration of internal plant resources; while horizontal integration is to integrate across the boundaries of suppliers, forming a new value system. . At this point, it is consistent with Boeing's GCE (Global Collaborative Environment) for building a supplier value chain, but Boeing has achieved this value in its 10-year practice; end-to-end integration needs to span production data providers and sales. The boundaries of the network, even directly into the consumer segment, users can get a better experience and services. This is a huge challenge to drive the unit production line (or even the unit machine) with the user's needs, and is a response to the C2B (customer order customization). This is not uncommon for manufacturing a factory-centric system.
18.TQC Total Quality Control full process quality control
Comments: The introduction of automated large-scale, improving quality stability is a very important reason. In the era of Industry 4.0, with the precise control of robots and intelligent terminals, TQC will no longer be a tough problem. But at the moment of China's manufacturing industry, this is still the core issue. Only Germany’s compatriots should pay attention to it – this is a few streets in Germany.
19.MRO Maintenance, Repair&Operations M Maintenance, R Repair, O Run
Comment: Usually refers to materials and services that are not directly used in the actual production process and are only used for maintenance, repair, and operation of equipment. MRO's active operation and maintenance has always been the savvy business enterprise, taking the lead in profiting from product service. This time, under the all-encompassing system of Industry 4.0, we will re-examine the rivers and lakes with the aura of “Big Dataâ€. Everyone will be surprised to find that this is the place where industrial data is the easiest to flow out. The engine of Malaysia Airlines 370 crash aircraft unexpectedly became a hot case of MRO online operation and maintenance data. Imagine that GE will launch 40,000 engines into the market in the next 15 years, and there will be an innocent data blue ocean.
20.CE Concurrent Engineering Concurrent Engineering, also known as Simultaneous Engineering
DFM Design for Mngineering Design for Manufacturing
DFA Design for Assembly assembly-oriented design
Comments: Parallel engineers are currently an important research direction in the field of manufacturing engineering. It is an idea and system method to design products and related processes in an integrated and parallel way, including the design of manufacturing processes and support processes. Thereby breaking the situation involving the surface and the manufacturing surface, and separating from each other.
21.Lean Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing
Comment: It includes the concept of just-in-time (JIT), zero inventory and agile manufacturing, and complements the six standard deviations (Six Sigma) for error reduction. Lean manufacturing focuses on customer value-added projects, reducing production waste, and promoting ways to continuously improve the production process. This is the star concept and practice from Toyota to the world. Toyota's discerning discovery found that small batch production is likely to be less expensive than mass production. This promotion of Industry 4.0 has the same exemplary effect.
22.IPT Integrated Product Team Integrated Product Development Team
Comments: The most popular product development model in foreign countries, easy to unify resources.
The most intuitive structure of the IPT organization is to form and disassemble the team according to the requirements of the product, and to form multiple multi-level ladder organization structures. In the internal organization of the team, the framework is a fractal organizational structure. In this type of IPT structure, the organization of each IPT is exactly the same regardless of which level and location of the entire group. In large complex product development, the IPT of each layer provides the components of the previous layer. In most of these multi-layered structures, the team leader on the first floor is a member of the upper level. The underlying IPT is composed of relevant professional personnel. The members of the upper IPT include the leaders from the corresponding lower IPT and the corresponding other personnel. The organization and operation method are exactly the same as the underlying IPT, except that the product objects are different. In this architecture, the upper IPT has the role of leadership and coordination for IPT, preliminary design and overall design of the bottom layer, and defines the interface relationship between the components involved in the underlying IPT.
23.EDI Electric Data Interchange Electronic Data Interchange
Comments: It used to be the most exciting concept; now it sounds like a star, but in fact the paperless trade it brings is playing a huge role all the time.
24.CM Configurationg Managemeng Configuration Management
Comments: The most important digital management idea in the history of aircraft manufacturing. Through configuration management, sales, design, manufacturing, and after-sales maintenance of complex systems have become the proposition of data integration. Boeing. Airbus has all skyrocketed. When the annual production of domestic ARJs plunged into 15 aircraft, Airbus could build an A320 aircraft every three days. Unfortunately, CM is not valued by the Chinese people, and the Chinese people love Industry 4.0.
25. BOM Bill of Materials, but not simply a bill of materials, but a certain parent-child relationship
Comments: BOM is the real DNA of manufacturing, and its management level distinguishes the core indicators of the competitiveness of advanced manufacturing enterprises. It is a pity that every enterprise is skilled in applying it, but its actual value has been astoundingly neglected - the circulation of a large number of BOMs is basically a split processing, accompanied by a large number of manual processing, huge industrial The data wealth is hidden in it but it can't move, as if the gold was set on the sand rock.
26.SSPD Single Source of Product Data Single Data Source Product Data
Comments: The only means of smashing the data gold that will be embedded in the rock. The concept of informatization proposed by Boeing in 1997, followed by a decade of practice and promotion, has enabled Boeing to move from 2D drawing documents to model-driven digital companies. It is currently one of the core competencies of Boeing and Airbus.
27.BD Big Data Industry 4.0 core issue is big data problem
Comment: But the most troublesome problem in China's manufacturing industry is that data is bundled in different systems, software, hardware, and documents, and cannot be liberated. This is the 2D drawing culture of China for many years, and the heavy document drawings are not caused by the model. No one wants to do the underlying digital processing. This is the paradox of "Made in China 2025". Everyone thinks that the problem lies in the manufacture of high-end equipment. In fact, one of the root problems is the digital representation of the industrial base and the model-based drive. Far from enough.
28.DT Big Data Technology
Comments: "From IT to DT", this symmetrical and eye-catching concept helps people quickly transition to the era of big data.
29.EA: Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture, Entity System
Comment: A superstructure similar to a blueprint; this E is easily misleading and sounds like a "company." This is one of the most important foundations for top-level modelling management. Made in China 2025 needs it.
30.AF Architecture Framework Entity architecture framework to describe the top-level architecture of the architecture
Comments: The industrial top-level framework for smart manufacturing in China must start from here. But from the top down, it is impossible to do it overnight, because it needs to take care of different perspectives; it is impossible to achieve from the bottom up. But we must build it step by step. This is the basis for the industrial upgrade version. Without the gradual evolution of digital models and top-level architectures, talking about the industrial version is meaningless and purely a word game. Without digitization, there is no industrial version.
31.TOGAF The Open Group Architecture Framework An open entity architecture
Comments: This is a specific form of EA. Evolved from the US Department of Defense's information management technology framework to get rid of the overly obvious military background. Lean Production Promotion Center.
32.RAMI4.0 Reference Architecture Model for Industrie4.0
This is the top-level system framework of German Industry 4.0 proposed by ZVEI at the CeBIT exhibition in March 2015.
Comments: The Germans are not good at the top-level system framework, and the system engineering perspective is also its weakness, but from the beginning of Industry 4.0, the German manufacturing executives have clearly considered this issue. With this reference architecture, it can truly be called the German industry 4.0 years.
33.DoDAF DoD Architecture Framework DoD:defense of Department
Comments: On the basis of C4ISR, the US Department of Defense has established the top-level system of DoDAF, providing the top-level framework design specifications for the six operational operations of the US Joint Operations Command, the air, land and air, and other military services. Therefore, the military is equipped with data exchange regardless of the command system. Project schedule monitoring has unparalleled model-driven capabilities. Americans are undoubtedly the absolute pioneers of modeling. The introduction and evolution of DoDAF has a milestone in the history of military command. The United Kingdom, NATO, Norway, and Australia have built their own top-level command system. In an article published by Rand in "Reference News" in February 2015, he pointed out that the reason for the backwardness of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's combat capability is not only sloppyly pointed out that "the backwardness of China's command system" is one of the most important reasons. If we use Industry 4.0 as an analogy, the United States and NATO are using digital models and knowledge to fight, while China is using document and sandbox operations.
34.IoT Internet of Things Internet of Things
Comments: Standard chaos, the current practical significance is not obvious but failed to become a big climate. Many people are even confused with the mature RFID in the logistics field.
35.IoTS Internet of Things&Services
Comments: At present, there is not much progress, and items, equipment, machines and manufacturers have not come to this step. Under the system of Industry 4.0, it belongs to the horizontal value network.
36.MiRA Mixed-Reality Application Mixed Reality
Comments: A combination of virtual and practical operations. It synchronizes the information between the virtual, digital presence space and reality, facilitating human perception and interaction. I believe that the "Pacific Rim" mech warrior, how to operate a machine chariot that is hundreds of times larger than oneself. This kind of technology is needed in a factory that does not need to be so life-threatening, but in a dangerous and unfriendly environment.
37.AGV Auto-Guided Vehicle Automatic Guided Car or Conveying System RGV Rail Guided Vehicle Rail Guided / Shuttle Vehicle
Comments: AGV has strong automation integration and on-site adaptation; RGV dominates the application of automotive production lines with its low cost and stability.
38.DL Data Legacy Past Data and Data
Comments: This is a huge burden of making 2025 in China; or a stumbling block. How to migrate, clean and be compatible with the various information assets and the locked data under the new upgrade system determines the pace of China's manufacturing take-off.
39.ENTIME Intelligent Mechatronics System Design Method
Comments: Germany has conducted many large and meaningful studies on Industry 4.0. ENTIME is one of the results of Germany's combination of a Semantic Web and a model-based approach to find a specific machine solution. Semantic technology is an important pillar leading to Industry 4.0. For Chinese manufacturing technology, language is one of the few barriers against external system erosion.
40.IPV6 Next Generation Website Domain Name Management Protocol
Comments: The IPV4 domain name system is almost exhausted, which is equivalent to assigning a domain name for each grain of sand. In Future Industry 4.0, smart products are likely to be assigned to a domain name to record its predecessors, present and future.
41.BITKOM Federal Information Economy Communications and New Media Association
Comments: Very strange name, but it has led the development of German industry and informatization.
42.VDMA German Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Federation
Comment: The boundaries between machinery and software are blurring; although automation and software have always been an important direction for VDMA, Industry 4.0 has spurred greater ambitions for VDMA.
43.ZVEI German Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Comments: The strength of the German Association is strong. BITKOM, VDMA, and ZVEI form the secretarial working group of German Industry 4.0, which dominates the strategy of German industrial technology development. Chinese manufacturing needs such a solid working group.
44.FHG Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Fraunhofer Institute, Fraunhofer Institute
Comments: Germany is also the largest applied scientific research institution in Europe, focusing on the application of technology research. In 1991, the world's first MP3 was produced under the IC Research Institute (not to mention, of course, the large-scale application of MP3 depends on American marketing awareness). It has more than 80 studies and annual funding of 1 billion euros. It is a public assistance, public welfare, non-profit scientific research institution, and develops new technologies, new products, new processes and management issues for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. FHG and the German Academy of Engineering, Siemens and other German academia and industry recommendations and promoted Industry 4.0, successfully became a German national strategy.
45.Incose INternational Councile of System Enineering International Systems Engineering Association
Comments: Has a strong background in the aviation industry. In fact, systems engineering has a strong application background and implementation determination in defense, aviation and aerospace. The biggest driving force behind the establishment of the association is still the actual demand of the US defense military industry, with a strong trace of the US Department of Defense; the military traces began to be gradually rid of in 2006, to the civilian and general industrial fields.
46.IIC Industrial Internet Consortium Industrial Internet Alliance
Comment: With open membership, the goal is to create a community that breaks down on technology barriers to better drive the integration of big data between the real world and the digital world. This was initiated by GE in the United States and was established in conjunction with 100 companies including IBM and Cisco. Huawei is also a member of it. The core is still the value that can be shared and transmitted between devices of various vendors and tapped into it. As a combination of hardware and software, GE is equal to Siemens. But playing the top-level architecture design and the Internet, big data, GE seems to be slightly better. China's smart manufacturing, the inspiration from GE, may outweigh the gains from Siemens.
47.DMDII Digital Manufacturing&design of Innovation Insititute Institute of Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation
Comments: The benchmarking organization of the US Advanced Manufacturing Center, which was announced by President Obama in 2015, is ready to build 15 such centers. Currently in the center of Chicago has opened, the area of ​​94,000 square meters, unprecedented. What's amazing is that this is a US Army-led project – and the US Army is one of the most successful organizations in US knowledge management. The US Army hopes to take advantage of this opportunity to integrate the power of the entire country to develop new manufacturing technologies, improve manufacturing capabilities and the corresponding networks, thereby transforming the way industrial and military industries manufacture parts and system-level products, not just Zeng Qing’s Competitive in the manufacturing field.
48. ICT Industry: Information and Communication Technology Information and Communication Technology
ICT is an organic combination of telecommunications services, information services, IT services and applications. In order to successfully transition to Industry 4.0, the ICT industry (relatively shorter innovation cycle) should work closely with machinery, equipment manufacturers and electromechanical systems suppliers (relatively longer innovation cycles) to develop a business model acceptable to all partners.
49.KA: Knowledge Automation
Comments: McKinsey's "2025 Subversive Technology" report is highly praised for "knowledge worker automation." Knowledge automation refers to the automatic flow of knowledge through the model-driven way of various experiences, various knowledge, data, documents, etc., and is automatically pushed to designers, craftsmen, and manufacturers to realize the “knowledge accompanying processâ€.
50.CPD Continuing Professional Development Continuing Professional Education
Comments: German industry never neglects talent, education and vocational training, and explicitly mentions the concept of “college cube†in the Industry 4.0 white paper, and builds a three-dimensional talent development plan from vocational schools and university road enterprises. This is really the idea of ​​the Germans, and education will never be absent. Can't help but think about: How much space does China's smart manufacturing leave for CPD?
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